TExES Social Studies Content Practice Exam 2026 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide

The Ottoman Empire was distinguished as the largest state in the European and Middle Eastern spheres from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries due to its vast territorial expanse and political influence during this period. At its height, the empire controlled a significant portion of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, making it a central power in both regions.

The Ottomans were known for their sophisticated administrative system and for embracing a diverse population consisting of various cultures, languages, and religions, which contributed to their stability and strength. Additionally, the empire played a crucial role in trade routes that connected Europe and Asia, further enhancing its prominence on the world stage.

Other options represent states that, while influential, did not match the territorial or political significance of the Ottoman Empire during these centuries. For example, while the Russian Empire was expanding its territory in the northern and eastern directions, it did not reach the same level of influence in the Mediterranean and Middle East as the Ottomans. The Austro-Hungarian Empire predominantly focused on Central Europe and had its own regional challenges, and Mongol China refers to historical context that does not align with the timeframe of the question as it describes a dominantly Asian influence, distinct from the European and Middle Eastern spheres outlined.