TExES Social Studies Content Practice Exam 2025 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide

The Gilded Age, a term coined by Mark Twain, describes a period in late 19th-century America (roughly from the 1870s to the early 1900s) marked by rapid industrialization, significant economic growth, and notable social challenges. This era was characterized by the rise of big business and the expansion of the railroad system, which facilitated economic development and urbanization.

During the Gilded Age, the United States experienced an increase in immigration, leading to a diverse labor force but also contributing to tensions over labor rights and living conditions. The wealth generated during this period often led to a stark contrast between the affluent and the impoverished, highlighting issues such as income inequality and poor working conditions in factories.

Political corruption and a lack of regulation also defined this time, as business interests often had significant influence over government, leading to reforms that aimed to address the stark inequities and challenges of urban and industrial life.

Overall, this characterization captures the essence of the Gilded Age, where the promise of the American dream was undermined by the reality of economic disparity and social unrest.